Negro College Graduates
Individual Occupational History
Information about People, Places, and Organizations Mentioned in Survey
| Question number | People | Organizations | Places |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anna Julia Cooper | ||
| 2 | 201 T N.W. Washington D.C. | ||
| 3 | Anna Julia Haywood | ||
| 8 | Frelinghuysen University | ||
| 11 | Wilberforce U., St. Rug. [??] Sc., Washington High School, M St. High School, Lincoln Inst. MO., Washington High School, Frelinghuysen University | ||
| 13 | Raleigh N.C., upper mallboro Md. | ||
| 14 | Bishop Lyman Bp | Episcopal Church, St. Augustine's Divinity School | Nassau British W.I., N.C. |
| 15 | Rufus Haywood, Andrew I Haywood | State Militia Majori | |
| 18 | Raleigh N.C. | ||
| 20 | St. Augstines Normal & Collegiate Inst. [Now St. Aug. College.] | ||
| 21 | Raleigh N. C. | ||
| 22 | Dr. J. Brinton Smith | ||
| 23 | St. Aug. Normal & Collegiate, Oberlin, Oberlin, Columbia, Universite de Paris | ||
| 31 | President Fairchild, Prof. Churchill, Paul-Prival Deschauel, C Cestre Saquac | ||
| 32 | Oberlin | ||
| 33 | Oberlin | ||
| 34 | Oberlin academy | ||
| 36 | Prest. Fairchild | ||
| 37 | Oberlin, Oberlin | ||
| 41 | St. Aug., Wilberforce | ||
| 43 | Dr Swedes, Dr Suttou | ||
| 46 | MSt. H.S., Harvard, Yale, Brown, Oberlin, the Colored H.S. of Wask, Harvard | ||
| 47 | St. Aug. | ||
| 50 | Dr Edwd Devine, Dr Devine | Brookings Inst. for Research | Washington |
| 52 | Jesse Lawson | Frelinghuysen University, the Jesse Lawson School of Social Service | 201 T N.W. |
| 53 | M. St High School | ||
| 55 | |||
| 57 | Episcopal (St. Lukee's P.E.) | ||
| 59 | La Guilde Internation, S.S. Columbia | ||
| 60 | Speakers Bureau Community Chest, Phyllis Wheatley, Y.W.C.A., N.A.A.C.P., Vi Omega Chap Alpha Kappa Alpha sc | ||
| 61 | Supervisor Colored Social Settlement, Chief Guardian Campfire Girls, Organizer Girls Clubs Y.W., War Camp Communwords continue onto the next page of the surveyity Service | ||
| 62 | National R. Association | ||
| 65 | DuBois, Kelly Miller, Booker Washington, Browning | ||
| 66 | Dr S.G. Atkins, Prin. Winston-Salemalnot, N.C, Mrs. Nannie/Delaney, Bishop Delaney, Mrs. Jane Thomas Caspar, Mrs. M.E. Neale, Mrs. Doctor Luentin, Mrs. Anna Metcalf Root, Mrs. Professor Auderegg | 1315 Lynne Ave, Pawhuska Okla, 333 East 53d St. New York City, 207 East College St. Oberlin O. Conservatory Oberlin 1885 |
I. SOCIAL INFORMATION
1. Name Anna
Julia
Cooper
2. Present address 201 T N.W. Washington D.C.
3. (If married woman, give maiden name on this line)
Anna
Julia
Haywood
4. Length of residence in this city 45 years.
state of longest residence
5. Age 72 sex F Date of birth Aug 10, 1860 Place of birth Raleigh
N.C.
6. Marital status: Single Widowed Married Date of marriage June 21, 1877 Age at marriage 17
Divorced Date Separated Date Widowed Date Sept 27,
1879
Deserted Date Remarried Date
| 7. Children living: None | Age | Grade (If in school) | Occupation (If not attending school) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children dead: None | Date of death | Age of death |
|---|---|---|
8. Present occupation Teacher & President
Frelinghuysen University
9. Present annual salary $50.00 or yearly net income,
deducting expenses of earning except income tax or kindly check the class
within which your net income falls:
Under $500 $500- $999 $1000-$1499
$1500-$1999 $2000-$2499 $2500-$2999 $3000-$3499 $3500-$3999 $4000-$4499 $4500-$4999 $5000-$5999 $6000-$6999 $7000-$7999 $8000-$8999 $9000-$9999 $10,000
and over
10. Of what college or professional school are you a graduate? Oberlin College Date of graduation BA, 1884, MA
1887
| 11. Occupation since graduation | From | To | Yearly Salary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Professor Modern Lang. & Lit. Wilberforce U. | Sept. 1884 | June 1885 | 1000 |
| Instructor Math Latin & Greek St. Rug. [??] Sc. | Sept. 1885 | June 1887 | Less than 1000 [?] |
| Teacher Washington High School | Sept. 1887 | From 700 up. | |
| Principal M St. High School | Dec. 1901 | Sept. 1906 | |
| Professor Foreign Languages Lincoln Inst. MO. | 1906 | 1910 | 1100 |
| Teacher of Latin Washington High School | 1910 | 1930 | 1800 |
| Retired from Public Schools | June 1930 | Pension 1434 | |
| President Frelinghuysen University | June 1930 | 50. |
12. Means of securing present employment (underline):
- (a) Direct application
- (b) Recommendation by friend
- (c) Fee charging placement service
- (d) Newspaper advertisement
- (e) School or university placement service
- (f) Family influence
- (g) Heard indirectly of vacancy
- (h) General canvas
- (i) Promotion within the organization or company
- (j) Transfer within the organization or company
- (k) Services sought by new employer always
- (l) Other I have never applied for employment anywhere
13. Do you own your home? Yes Value of home 18000 Other property owned Cottage in
Raleigh N.C. 2 lots in upper mallboro Md. Value Uncertain, two or three thousand perhaps.
14. Wife or
hHusband: Birthplace Nassau British W.I. Present occupation deceased
Education: (Draw circle around last grade completed) Educated for
Priest in the Episcopal Church.
Grammar school---1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8; High school---1-2-3-4;
College---1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 Of what college or professional school a
graduate St. Augustine's Divinity School Degree Ordained Deacon & passed examinations for the
priesthood under Bishop Lyman Bp of N.C.
| 15. Brothers: | Age | Education | School at present attending | Occupation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rufus Haywood N.C. | Band Leader | Orchestra & "Standleys Band". | died 1883 | |
| Andrew I Haywood | Musician & organizer of | State Militia Majori | Span [??], War, d, 1918 | |
| 16. Sisters: None | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
17. Father: Birthplace I do not know Present
occupation
Education: (Draw circle around last grade completed)
Grammar
school---1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8; High School---1-2-3-4; College---1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8
Of what college or professional school a graduate Degree
18. Mother: Birthplace Raleigh N.C. Present occupation
deceased
Education: (Draw circle around last grade completed) Grammar
school---1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8; High School---1-2-3-4; College---1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 Of
what college or professional school a graduate Degree
19. What was the attitude of your parents towards your college
education? I owe nothing to my white father beyond the
inital act of procreation. My mother's self sacrificing toil
to give me ad-vantages she had never enjoyed is worthy the highest praise &
undying gratitude.
II. UNDERGRADUATE HISTORY
20. Preparatory Training: Name of School St. Augstines Normal & Collegiate Inst. [Now St. Aug.
College.]
21. Preparatory Training: Raleigh N.
C. Date of graduation No graduations in
my day.
22. As you think of it now, do you regard your preparatory training,
before college, as adequate or defective? i.e., What deficiencies or omissions in
that period do you feel would be of value to you? Please comment briefly Under Dr. J. Brinton
Smith, founder, I was made pupil teacher at the age of
8, first for board & tuitionimage cut off on right margin
Teaching & studying, married & widowed in this
“world”
of a
church school I think the preparation for cwords continue onto the next page of the surveyollege
may pass as
“good”
for the time in that I was admitted on examination with some praise to the
Sophomore cwords continue onto the next page of the surveylass of Oberlin
Entrance exams, in the Anabasis, the Iliad Caes
Cic,
Plane & Solid Geometry words continue onto the next page of the survey Passed.
Conditioned in Trig. Mechanics, Physics, Hist. of Civilization & Science of
Government, the Odyssey made up
in one year words continue onto the next page of the survey to entrance conditions in.
23. College and Professional Training:
| Institution | Period (give dates) | Diploma or degree |
|---|---|---|
| 1 St. Aug. Normal & Collegiate | from early youth to 1881 | None |
| 2 Oberlin | Sept. '81 -- June '84 | A.B. |
| 3 Oberlin on 3 yrs. College Teaching | '84 --- '87 | M.A |
| 4 Columbia on 4 yrs graduate courses in S.S. | 1914, 15, 16, 17 | Guilde Internationale Paris S.S |
| 5 Universite de Paris, La Sorbonne | 1924 - '25. Residence & thesis | PHD. |
24. How was your education supported? Personal
earnings
25. What part of your support was earned through self-help? All
26. As you regarded it then, what motives prompted you to go to
college? innate & indomitable "working to
know"
27. What was your major subject or special training in college? Mathematics I took all in the course.
28. What subjects were most liked (in order of preference)? Philosophy Msral & Mental, Logic,
Trig & image cut off on right margin
29. What subjects were most disliked (in order)? I do not
recall any that I did not thoroly enjoy.
30. What subject or subjects proved most useful to you after graduation? I have had to use them all I think at sonimage cut off on right margin
31. What faculty members proved most stimulating to you? (Give names
and position of faculty)President Fairchild, Prof.
Churchill, Tutor (Now Ex-Pres.) King of Berlin,
Paul-Prival Deschauel, C Cestre
Saquac
32. What school influences were most important in giving direction to
your life? "Thursday Lectures", Mrs. Johnstoimage cut off on right margin
Jen "Lu K" for Women, & weekly
young people's meetings, with of course the Oberlin "aimage cut off on right margin the music, the sermons
Brothers
33. To what honor societies did you belong in college? Oberlin had none in my day.
34. To what fraternity or sorority? L.L.S.
Please check extra-curricular activities engaged in I taught advanced Algebra in Oberlin academy
The Students were white.
| Regularly | Occasionally | Regularly | Occasionally | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35. A. On campus | On campus | ||||
| Athletics | Social club | ||||
| Oratory and debating | Other forms | ||||
| Fraternity or sorority | |||||
| Literary society | |||||
| Dramatics | B. Off campus | ||||
| Music | Church work | ||||
| Religion | Social club | ||||
| Publications | Civic or social service | ||||
| Student government | Other forms |
36. How well did you do in college? Hardly a fair
question for personal answer. I did my best & Here AJC’s text flows
upside-down along the top of the form 4 Professors including
Prest. Fairchild gave me letters rating me first in the
class.
37. To what extent were you influenced by religious training,
personalities or the religious atmosphere of your school?
I entered Oberlin a bigoted "Churchman". I left not the slightest attempt
at proselyting. & yetimage cut off on right margin
altho I continued to attend the little Episcopal Church religiously the
breadth & real catholicity of the
Oberlin spirit the friendly contacts
& wider study had the inevitable
result which I consider humanizing of one's
image cut off on left margin"churchianity."
38. What is your attitude toward educational methods of instruction
in college? (Mention the strongest and weakest features?
Too broad to be answered in 2 lines. If the post was machine method of
"tests & measurements" to Sting out the unfit prevails we never can
tell what is to be done for the untalented plodder who continues to want
more. You may have your Loebs & Leopolds & reject Lindbergs.
39. At what period during your undergaduate life did you decide upon your
career? At not far from the kindergarten age
40. Length of time between graduation and employment in field of choice Not a moment.
41. Length of time between graduation and employment in field of
choice
ditto. I was engaged to return to St. Aug. the let yr. There was a
hitch & I went to Wilberforce instead.
42. Did you return to your home town to work after graduation?
2d year Temporarily? Two yrs. Permanently?
43. Reasons for returning or not returning to home town to work after
graduation?
Dr Swedes, the Prin. underwhom I had taught before leaving for
College & who had engaged my services to return was at that juncture
suferseded by Dr Suttou who wanted to change the contract from "Professor"
to "teacher in charge of Girls." I refused.
44. If you could control the situation, what would you like to be doing ten years
from now?
What I am doing now
45. Have you been prevented from entering the vocation of your choice by racial factors?
No
Can you state any of them?
Teaching has always seemed to me the noblest of callings, & I believe that if I were
white I should still want to teach those whose need presents a stronger appeal than
money. There may
be a bit of vanity in this. It is human to be stimulated by appreciation where it
is genuine.
46. What
47. Will you give a brief estimate of the value of your college training?
My estimate can be mathematically stated
in dollars & cents. When I announced to the Princ. of St. Aug. my intention to go to college I was receiving
$30.00 per mo. As an inducement for me not to go he offered to double that figure at once. Im not sorry that
I refused such nunificence
48. How would it be changed if you could do it over again?
Who does the best his circumstance allows need have no qualms in judging results,
The world changes & if I had my story to start now I should surely have to meet other
problems & conditions from those of 50 yrs. ago, but I doubt not I should adjust myself
to them
with the same pluck & energy that I believe to be an unchanging part of me. I should
miss
perhaps a friendly interest & even a surprised applause on the part of whites
who are now concluding that N. are best educated in N. schools. But that is not essential.
III. AFTER GRADUATION CAREER
49. Are you at present employed upon the occupation of your choice? yes. the vocation for which you were prepared?
The Education of neglected people.
50. Membership in learned societies (give name of your organization)
"Learned Societies" do not seek colored
workers. Wanting some help in researches I contemplated for a history of the negroes
of Washington
I applied to the Brookings Inst. for Research also to the American Graduate School here of wh. Dr Edwd Devine was
then Dean. Both schools raised the color bar & Dr Devine soon afterwards resigned.
51. What do you regard as your outstanding accomplishments since graduation?
Perhaps others will think first of the Defense in French before a fury of French Doctors
at the Sorbonne of my
thesis on the attitude of France on Slavery Mek 23 1920 & My own preference is the
building of a beautiful home at the capital
from unsubsidized earnings to be dedicated in the name of my slave mother to the education
of colored working people.
52. What positions of honor and distinction do you now hold? (List)
I am called President of Frelinghuysen University started by the late Jesse Lawson 25 yrs. ago, which
has now for the first time a permanent home at 201 T N.W. "a group of schools for Adult Education com-
prising a Law School, School of Religion & Opportunity classes for pre-academic workers.
A "Foundation" is sought for
the Jesse Lawson School of Social Service, an oustanding need at the Nations Capital training colored workers.
53. Have you held or do you now hold any public office? (Name)
Principal M. St High School Washington D.C. 1901 to 1906.
54. Books published
A voice from the South,
L'Attitude de la France à l'Eqard de l'Esclavage. These
10. Poem de Peterinaqe de Charlemagne avee slossaire edited
55. Types of important articles published
“Educational Programms”
Simon of Cyrene -
“The Southland”
the first Negro Magsmall tear in right marginawords continue onto the next page of the surveyzine in the small tear in right marginU.words continue onto the next page of the surveyS.A.
The Ethics of the Negro Question-, The Social Social Settlement what it is & what
it does etc.
Summer Editor Southern Workwords continue onto the next page of the surveyman
Hawords continue onto the next page of the surveympton
56. Honorary Degrees
None
57. To what church denomination do you belong?
Episcopal (St. Lukee's P.E.)
58. What are your present cultural interests?
Education of the underprivileged.
59. What further study have you engaged in since graduation?
4 Graduate courses at La Guilde Internationwords continue onto the next page of the surveyale, Paris
8 Full Courses S.S. Columbia: Dept. Romance Lang., French 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, words continue onto the next page of the surveyPhilology & Old FR.
60. List civic and social movements in which you are engaged
Speakers Bureau Community Chest
Phyllis Wheatley Y.W.C.A., N.A.A.C.P. Vi Omega Chap Alpha Kappa Alpha sc
61. Offices held in civic and social organizations.
Supervisor Colored Social Settlement
Chief Guardian Campfire Girls, Organizer Girls Clubs Y.W. War Camp Communwords continue onto the next page of the surveyity Service
Charge Colorewords continue onto the next page of the surveyed Girls Work
duriwords continue onto the next page of the surveyng World War.
62. In what racial movements are you actively interested?
National R. Association
63. Offices in them
64. Do you vote where you now reside?
None do
To what political party do you belong?
Independent
65. Have you a "racial philosophy" that can be briefly stated?
My "racial philosophy" is not far removed from my
general philosophy of life: that the greatest happiness comes from altruistic
service—& this is in reach of all of whatever race & condition.
The "Service" here meant it is not a pious idea of being used;
any sort of exploitation whether active or passive is to my mind hateful.
Nor is the
“Happiness”
a mere bit.This continues on the
last page.
65 cont.) of Pollyanna stuff. I am as sensitive to handicaps as those
who are always whining about them & the whips & slings of prejudice,
whether of color or sex, find me neither too calloused to suffer nor too
ignorant to know what is due me. Our own men as a group have not inherited
traditions of chiv-alry (one sided as it may be among white men) & we
women are generally left to do our race battling alone except for empty
compliments now & then. Even so, one may make the mistake of looking at
race handicaps thro the wrong end of the telescope—imagining that oppression
goes only with color. When I encounter brutality I need not always
charge it to my race. It may be—& generally is— chargeable to the
imperfections in the civilization envisioning me for which as a teacher &
trained thinker. I take my share of responsibility.
The extent, then, of the optimism in my philosophy is that,
(Statisticians & Social Science Research compilers to the contrary
notwithstanding) the solution of our problem will be the individual & not
en masse, & the habit of generalization & deductive logic has done its
worst.
For after all, Social Justice the desired goal is not to be reached thro any
panacea by mass production. whether DuBois's preachment
of the ballot for & intermarriage
or Kelly Miller's one time suggestion of self
effacement, or even Booker Washington's proposal of the
solid hand & separate fingers. For human selfishness will always arise as
domineering thumb to over ride & keep down every
finger weak enough to give up the struggle. The ballot operates just so far
as dominant forces agree to respect it. Which again is reasoning in a circle
to insane justice by having man become just. & the spectacle of
image cut off on left marginangsler dominance among ballot holding Americans invites little hope
for solution when the element of race is added to the problem. As I see it
then, the patient persistence of the individual, working as
Browning has it, "mouth wise & pen
wise" in whatever station & with whatever talent God has
given, in truth & loyalty to serve the whole, will come as near as any
other to proving worth while.
To me Life has meant a big opportunity & I am thankful that my
work has always been the soul that beckoned me on, leaving no room for blase
philosophizing & rebellious resentment & with just enough opposition
to give zest to the struggle, just enough hope of scoring image cut off on left marginsomewhere among the winners to keep my head "unbowed tho bloody."
66. Will you give the name of one or more of your childhood associates (whether they
went to college or not) with their present address (if possible), schooling and occupation?
Dr S.G. AtkinsPrin. Winston-Salemalnot, N.C
Mrs. Nannie/Delaney(widow Bishop Delaney) 80 Edgecomb Ave, New York City Dean of Wisk
Mrs. Jane Thomas CasparAve. A Huntersville Norfolk VA. Former teacher social
Mrs. M.E. Neale/Mrs. Doctor Luentin 1315 Lynne Ave, Pawhuska Okla
while[Mrs. Anna Metcalf Root 333 East 53d St. New York City] B.A. Oberlin 1884
Mrs. Professor Auderegg207 East College St. Oberlin O. Conservatory Oberlin 1885
67. Will you give briefly your views of the future of Negro education? (What it should
be, what changes might be made in the light of your experience; it's present direction,
value, etc., for the development of Negro youth.)
I have always stood for that Education that aims at the making
of Men rather than the constructing of machines. If the Negro is a man
then what is good for Man, in all its age-old and infinite varieties, is
good for him. Why should he be cabined and cribbed with just
this or just that for his mental fabulum?
See also: "Anonymous" paragraph enclosed here with.
SPACE RESERVED FOR SPECIAL COMMENT
This contains the overflow of questions 46 and 65, as well as questions 55, 59, and
61.
